Last updated: July 2023
Aberdeen & District Table Tennis Association (ADTTA) is fully committed to safeguarding the welfare of all children and protected adults in its care. It recognises the responsibility to promote safe practice and to protect them from harm, abuse or exploitation.
These guidelines are based on the following standards for child wellbeing and protection in sport (Children 1st, 2021):
1) Every child’s voice is taken into account
2) Every child’s rights and wellbeing are promoted, supported and safeguarded
3) Every child is protected from abuse
4) Every child is respected without discrimination
5) Every child has volunteers and staff working alongside them who have been considered suitable to work with children and young people
6) Every child has sports coaches and volunteers who are well supported and trained
7) Every child’s sports organisation is managed well and accountable for keeping children and young people safe
8) Every child’s sports organisation evaluates how it safeguards children and young people and makes improvements where necessary
ADTTA will:
Promote the health and welfare of children and protected adults by providing opportunities for them to take part in Table Tennis activities safely
Respect and promote the rights, wishes and feelings of children and protected adults
Promote and implement appropriate procedures to safeguard the well-being of children and protected adults, and protect them from abuse
Offer training opportunities and support its coaches and volunteers to adopt best practice to safeguard and protect children and protected adults from abuse and to reduce risk to themselves
Require coaches and volunteers to adopt and abide by this Policy and these procedures
Respond to any allegations of misconduct or abuse in line with this Policy and these procedures as well as implementing, where appropriate, the relevant disciplinary and appeals procedures
Observe guidelines issued by local and national Child Protection Committees for the protection of children
Regularly monitor and evaluate the implementation of this Policy and these procedures
This Policy and these procedures will be regularly reviewed:
In accordance with changes in legislation and guidance or following any changes within ADTTA
Following any issues or concerns raised about the protection of children or protected adults within ADTTA
In all other circumstances, at least every three years
| The ADTTA Safeguarding Officer is: | |
| Natalie Gallan | natalieg@hotmail.co.uk |
| The ADTTA Executive Committee (EC) | VP – dlpirie@hotmail.co.uk |
Section 1
Definition of Terms
Section 2
The Definition and Recognition of Abuse
2.1 Physical abuse
2.2 Emotional abuse
2.3 Neglect
2.4 Sexual abuse
2.5 Bullying and harassment
2.6 Children and adults with a learning or physical disability
Section 3
Responding to Concerns
3.1 Concerns about general welfare
3.2 Concerns about abuse
a) What to do if a child or protected adult tells you about abuse
b) What to do if an observation comes from an individual or agency
Section 4
Responding to Suspicions or Allegations of Inappropriate Behaviour or Misconduct
4.1 What to do if you have concerns about someone who is not a member of ADTTA
4.2 What to do if you have concerns about a member of ADTTA
4.3 Key Contacts
4.4 Procedure for responding to suspicions and/or allegations of abuse
Section 5
Recording Information
5.1 Confidentiality
Section 6
Recruitment Issues
6.1 Recruitment of coaches/volunteers
6.2 Training of coaches/volunteers
Section 7
Good Practice
7.1 Good practice guidelines
7.2 First aid and the treatment of injuries
7.3 Managing challenging behaviour
7.4 Volunteers aged 18 or under
7.5 Preventing and responding to bullying
7.6 The ‘Arena of Safety’
Section 8
Photographing and Videoing
Section 9
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Social Media
9.1 Text and email guidelines
9.2 Internet and social media guidelines
Section 10
Legal Framework
Section 11
Useful Contacts
Appendix A – Code of Conduct
Definition of terms
For the purposes of this Policy, the term “child” shall refer to an individual under the age of 18 years.
For the purposes of this Policy, the term “protected adult” shall refer to any individual aged 16 or over, who is in receipt of certain services (registered care services, health services, community care services and/or welfare services). Protected adult is therefore a service based definition and avoids labelling adults on the basis of their having a specific condition or disability (as defined in the Protection of Vulnerable Groups (Scotland) Act 2007, amendment 2010).
The Definition and Recognition of Abuse
Various factors contribute to the potential increased risk of abuse towards vulnerable groups, such as stereotyping, prejudice, discrimination, isolation and a powerlessness to protect themselves or adequately communicate that abuse has occurred.
It is very important that all members of staff understand what is meant by the term “abuse”. It is a misuse of power and a betrayal of trust. The results of abuse have an immediate and harmful effect on the individual and the effects may remain with them throughout life.
The Child Protection in Sport Unit of the NSPCC (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Children highlight four main types of abuse – physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect, and children and young people can also be harmed through poor practice and bullying within a sport setting.
2.1 Physical Abuse
Physical abuse means injury that has been intentionally inflicted or knowingly not prevented. In a sports situation, physical abuse may also include bodily harm caused by lack of care, attention or knowledge that may be caused by:
– Over-training or dangerous training of athletes
– Over-playing athletes
– Failure to do a risk assessment of physical limits or pre-existing medical conditions
– Administering, condoning or failure to intervene in drug use
Signs of possible physical abuse:
– Refusal to discuss injuries
– Fear of parents being approached for an explanation
– Untreated injuries, or delays in reporting them
– Excessive physical punishment to themselves
– Arms and legs kept covered in hot weather
– Avoidance of swimming, physical education etc
– Fear of returning home
– Aggression towards others
2.2 Emotional Abuse
Emotional abuse means a persistent lack of affection, continual rejection, isolation, exclusion, deliberate humiliation or threats. It may also refer to an absence of praise, encouragement and stimulation. Emotional abuse in sport might occur in situations where children are subjected to unrealistic pressure or bullying from a parent or coach, such as:
• Persistent failure to show any respect e.g.. continually ignoring an individual
• Constantly humiliating an individual by telling them they are useless
• Continually being aggressive towards an individual, making them feel frightened
• Acting in a way which is detrimental to the individual’s self-esteem
Signs of possible emotional abuse:
– Low self esteem
– Continual self deprecation
– Significant decline in concentration
– Immaturity
– Neurotic behaviour, such as rocking
– Self-mutilation
– Extremes of passivity or aggression
– Indiscriminate friendliness
Also under the term of emotional abuse is “Negative Discrimination”, which may include racism. Children or protected adults may experience harassment or negative discrimination because of their race or ethnic origin, financial status, culture, age, disability, gender, sexuality or religious beliefs.
2.3 Neglect
Neglect means the failure to meet an individual’s basic needs, and includes failing adequately to provide such things as food, drink, warmth, adequate clothing, and protection from danger or adequate supervision. Neglect in a sporting situation could include a teacher or coach failing to provide the correct level of care, guidance, supervision or protection that may be a result of:
– Exposure to unnecessary cold or heat
– Exposure to unhygienic conditions, lack of food, water or medical care
– Non-intervention in bullying or taunting
Signs of possible neglect:
– Constant hunger
– Poor personal hygiene
– Constant tiredness
– Poor state of clothing
– Frequent lateness
– Untreated medical problems
– Low self esteem
– Poor peer relationships
2.4 Sexual Abuse
Sexual abuse means using children or protected adults for sexual gratification or knowingly failing to protect them from sexual harm. Sexual abuse includes sexual harassment, touching the individual in a sexual manner, encouraging the individual to touch another person in a sexual manner, the use of inappropriate sexual language, exposing the individual to sexual images, text or imagined situations or photographing individuals in indecent or sexual poses. Sexual abuse in sport could include contact and non-contact activities and may be caused by:
– Exposure to sexually explicit inappropriate language, jokes or pornographic material
– Inappropriate touching
– Having any sexual activity or relationship
– Creating opportunities to access a child or protected adult’s body
A child or protected adult who is distressed may display some of the following physical, behavioral or medical signs that should alert you to a problem. It is the combination and frequency of these that may indicate sexual abuse.
Signs of possible sexual abuse:
– Behavioural
– Lack of trust in adults or over-familiarity with adults
– Social isolation – withdrawn or introversion
– Reluctance or refusal to participate in physical activity or to change clothes for games
– Low self esteem
– Fear of bathrooms, showers, closed doors
– Over-sexualised behaviour
– Irrational fears
– Bruises, scratches or bite marks
– Anxiety or depression.
2.5 Bullying and Harassment
Bullying and harassment may be seen as deliberate, hurtful behaviour and usually repeated over a period of time. It is usually difficult for those being bullied or harassed to defend themselves. In some cases of abuse, the abuser may not always be an adult, but could be a child. Further information on examples of what may constitute bullying behaviour, or possible signs of bullying can be found on page 17.
2.6 Children and Adults with a Learning or Physical Disability
Research, including “It doesn’t happen to disabled children” (Child Protection and Disabled Children, NSPCC, 2003), tells us that people who have a learning or physical disability are more vulnerable to abuse. This is because:
They are often dependent on a number of people for care and handling, some of which can be of an intimate nature
They may be unable to understand the inappropriateness of the actions or communicate to others that something is wrong
Signs of abuse can be misinterpreted as a symptom of the disability
They may be fearful of the consequences of disclosing abuse
Attitudes and assumptions that people with disabilities are not abused
They may be unable to resist abuse due to physical impairment
Of negative attitudes towards people with disabilities
Possible failures to recognise the impact of abuse on people with disabilities
Particular care should be taken by all coaches and volunteers working with individuals affected by disability.
The well-being and safety of vulnerable groups is of paramount importance within ADTTA. All staff coaches and volunteers are committed to protecting children and protected adults from all forms of abuse. Accordingly, this Policy has been drawn up, and will be followed by all ADTTA members.
Responding to Concerns
3.1 Concerns about General Welfare
ADTTA is committed to working in partnership with parents/carers whenever there are concerns about a child or protected adult. Parents/carers have the primary responsibility for the safety and well-being of the child or protected adult in their care.
Where the concern does not involve the possibility of abuse, worries may be discussed with parents/carers. For example, if a child seems withdrawn, he/she may have experienced an upset in the family, such as a parental separation, divorce or bereavement. Common sense is advised in these situations.
Any significant, untoward or unusual incidents which cause concern about the welfare of an individual should be recorded and reported to an ADTTA Safeguarding Officer as soon as possible. Parents/carers should also be informed of the circumstances as soon as possible.
Advice should be sought from a Safeguarding Officer if there is any uncertainty about the appropriate course of action where there are concerns about the general welfare of a child or protected adult.
3.2 Concerns about Abuse
a) What to Do if a Child or Protected Adult Tells You about Abuse
No member of ADTTA should investigate allegations of abuse or decide whether or not a child or protected adult has been abused.
Allegations of abuse must always be taken seriously. If an individual says or indicates they are being abused, or information is obtained which gives concern that they are being abused, the information must be responded to on the same day in line with the following procedure.
It is important to listen carefully to the information disclosed. When listening to a disclosure, the following good practice is required:
✓ React calmly
✓ Listen to them
✓ Tell them they were right to tell and they are not to blame
✓ Take them seriously
✓ Be aware of interpreting what they say, especially if they have learning or physical disabilities which affect their ability to communicate or if English is not their first language
✓ Do not pre-suppose that the experience was bad or painful – they may perceive it as a natural experience
✓ Always avoid projecting your own reactions
✓ Do not show disbelief
✓ If clarification is needed, keep questions to an absolute minimum – do not ask leading questions
✓ Reassure them, but do not make promises of confidentiality, which you may not be able to keep
✓ Do not introduce personal information from either your own experience or others
✓ Make a full record of what was said as soon as possible.
Actions to avoid when receiving a disclosure:
x Panicking
x Showing shock or distaste
x Probing for more information than is offered
x Speculating or making assumptions
x Making negative comments about the person against whom the allegation has been made
x Approaching the individual against whom the allegation has been made
x Making promises or agreeing to keep secrets
x Giving a guarantee of confidentiality
x Documenting the incident in front of the abused person
b) What to Do if an Observation Comes from an Individual or Agency
A concern or possible abuse of a child or protected adult may be observed by another child or adult, or information could come from an individual or another agency or organisation.
Where there is uncertainty about what to do with the information, directly from an individual’s disclosure or from someone else, an ADTTA Safeguarding Officer must firstly be consulted for advice on the appropriate course of action.
If an immediate response is required, the police and/or social work services must be consulted for advice. They have a statutory responsibility for the protection of vulnerable groups and they may already hold other concerning information about the individual. Record any advice given.
If you are concerned about the immediate safety of the child or protected adult: Take whatever action is required to ensure their immediate safety. Pass the information immediately to the police and seek their advice.
Make a written record of the information as soon as possible. The following information will help the police and social workers decide what action to take next:
Individual’s name, age and date of birth
Individual’s home address and telephone number
Any times, dates or other relevant information
Whether the person making the report is expressing their own concern or the concerns of another person
The individual’s account, if it can be given, of what has happened and how any injuries occurred using their own words
The nature of the concern (include all of the information obtained during the initial account e.g. time, date, location)
A description of any visible (when normally dressed) injuries or bruising, behavioural signs, indirect signs (do not physically examine the individual)
Details of any witnesses
Whether the individual’s parents/carers have been informed
Details of anyone else who has been consulted and the information obtained from them
The individual’s views on the situation
If completing the information electronically, do not save copies to the hard drive, disk or pen drive. Print a copy, sign and date and then delete immediately. Pass the record to Social Work services or the Police and to an ADTTA Safeguarding Officer that day.
Responding to Suspicions or Allegations of Inappropriate Behaviour or Misconduct
ADTTA members are not responsible for deciding whether an individual has been abused. It is however the responsibility of everyone to report any suspicions concerns. Remember; LISTEN & RESPOND; REPORT & RECORD.
The following procedures should be followed:
4.1 What to do if you have concerns about someone who is not a member of ADTTA.
In the course of your role, a child or protected adult may disclose information to you about a person who is not a member of ADTTA that leads to a suspicion or allegation of inappropriate behaviour or misconduct.
✓ Listen to them carefully, as detailed in Section 3 – “Responding to Concerns”
✓ Acknowledge the information received
✓ Pass the information to an ADTTA Safeguarding Officer
The Safeguarding Officer will then complete a risk assessment to decide whether it is appropriate to discuss the situation with the parents, guardians or carers of the individual.
Advice and guidance can be first sought from the local social work department or police as to who contacts the parents/carers, particularly in circumstances where an individual might be placed at even greater risk if concerns are shared with a parent, guardian or carer (e.g. they are responsible for the abuse or will not react appropriately to the situation).
✓ Make a full written record of the information and sign and date the record and pass it onto the Safeguarding Officer. The Safeguarding Officer will seek advice from the local social services department and/or local police.
4.2 What to do if you have concerns about a member of ADTTA
There may be a situation in which you have concerns about the behaviour of another ADTTA member and their relationship with a child or protected adult. Report any concerns immediately to the Safeguarding Officer who must closely monitor the individual, and make a decision as to whether to take the matter further.
Initial Reporting of Concerns
Concerns must be recorded as soon as possible. Reporting the concerns to the Safeguarding Officer should not be delayed by gathering information to complete the information or until a written record has been made.
Recording and Establishing the Facts
Once the concerns have been reported, the Safeguarding Officer will conduct an initial assessment of the facts in order to determine clarify the nature and context of the concerns. It should determine whether there is reasonable cause to suspect or believe that an individual has been abused / harmed or is at risk of abuse or harm. Every situation is unique so guidance cannot be prescriptive.
At any point in responding to concerns about the conduct of a coach/volunteer, advice may be sought from the police or social work services. In all cases, the welfare of the child or protected adult will be the paramount consideration.
The person against whom the allegation has been made will be restricted from further contact with any vulnerable groups under ADTTA and with anyone, other than appointed individuals within the organisation until an investigation has been undertaken.
NOTE: Interviewing individuals about possible abuse and criminal offences is the sole remit of specially trained police officers and social workers. Questioning of children by those conducting an initial assessment should always be avoided as far as possible. If it is necessary to speak to the child in order to clarify the basic facts, best practice suggests that consent from the parent/carer be obtained.
All subsequent actions taken and reasons for decisions shall be recorded (in the order in which they happened). Where Disciplinary Procedures are invoked, a written record will be made of all actions and reasons for decision.
Following the initial assessment, the ADTTA EC will consider whether the allegation is one where suspension is necessary. If the decision is made to suspend an individual, it is extremely important for all members of the organisation to understand fully that suspension is the normal course of action taken in these cases and no guilt should be attached to the fact that a person has been suspended.
ADTTA is aware that there is a responsibility both to the child or protected adult and to the coach/volunteer who has been accused. To be accused of abuse or inappropriate behaviour is an extremely traumatic experience for all concerned.
3. Possible Outcomes of the Initial Assessment
a) No further action (facts do not substantiate complaint)
b) Situation is dealt with under ADTTA’s Procedures
c) Information passed to appropriate agencies for further investigation
4. Referral to Disclosure Scotland
ADTTA will refer the case to Disclosure Scotland where any coach/volunteer has:
harmed an individual
placed an individual at risk of harm
engaged in inappropriate conduct involving pornography
engaged in inappropriate conduct of a sexual nature
given inappropriate medical treatment
AND as a result:
ADTTA has barred the coach / volunteer
The coach / volunteer would have been barred had they not resigned
5. Notification from Disclosure Scotland
If Disclosure Scotland notify ADTTA that a coach/volunteer is considered for listing, that individual will be suspended as a precaution until the outcome of the case is determined. Suspension is not a form of disciplinary action and does not involve pre-judgment. In all cases of suspension the welfare of vulnerable groups will be the paramount concern.
If Disclosure Scotland inform ADTTA that an individual is barred, that coach/volunteer will be removed from regulated work immediately.
4.3 Key Contacts
Police Scotland Non-emergency 101
Emergency 999
Aberdeen City Social Work 0800 731 5520
Online Report https://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/aberdeen-protects/report-your-concerns Aberdeenshire Social Work 01467 537 111 Out of Hours 0345 608 1206
Online Report Report a Concern (girfec-aberdeenshire.org)
NSPCC Helpline 0808 800 5000
4.4 Procedure for Responding to Suspicions and/or Allegations of Abuse of a Child or Protected Adult
a. Acknowledge information of alleged or suspected abuse against a child or protected adult
b. Inform the ADTTA Safeguarding Office or other EC member. If the situation is serious (or potentially serious), the Coach/Volunteer should assess the situation and either inform the ADTTA Safeguarding Officer/EC member, or if appropriate, the Police or Social Work
c. The Safeguarding Officer/EC establish basic facts & take steps to ensure the individual’s immediate safety if required
d. Refer to the Social Services department and/or the Police as appropriate. Outcomes determined by or with advice from the Social Work department and /or the Police
Record
e. ADTTA Disciplinary Investigation / A Child or Protected Adult Investigation / A Criminal Investigation
Child or protected adult’s disclosure
Direct observation
Disclosure from another person, or agency
Respond, Listen, Report
Make a full record of what has been said, heard and/or seen as soon as possible in the individual’s own words. Pass this information to the Safeguarding Officer and/or EC member.
5.Recording information
Whoever the allegations (or suspicions) are made to (and in the case of coaches/volunteers being the primary information source themselves), a signed written record should be made as soon as possible. The exact words of the child or the adult giving the information must be recorded, and written records must note other relevant details such as decisions taken and the reasons for them, the date, the time and any observations of the manner or presentation of the child or protected adult which caused concern. The names of other parties present must be noted.
It is not appropriate for a coach/volunteer to investigate an alleged incident themselves, beyond gathering basic information. All investigations must be left to the Social Services department or the Police. It is not up to the coach/volunteer to determine the seriousness of abuse. This should be considered by authorised and appropriate professionals.
Full details of any referrals telephoned to social services or the police should then be noted, including the name and designation of the social services member of staff or police officer, and the time and date of call. Records should be securely maintained and only viewed by appropriate personnel, Police officers and Social Services.
On occasion, the evidence needed to prosecute an alleged offender “beyond reasonable doubt” is of such a high standard of proof, that a prosecution will not take place and even if a prosecution goes ahead, that person may be acquitted. ADTTA and all members of the EC need to be aware that regardless of whether a prosecution takes place at the end of that process, the individual may still be in breach of ADTTA’s own Code of Conduct and will be assessed.
5.1 Confidentiality
ADTTA have a responsibility to share relevant information about the protection of vulnerable groups. If a child or protected adult confides in a coach/volunteer and requests that the information is kept secret, it is important that the coach/volunteer tells the child or protected adult sensitively that he/she has a responsibility to refer cases of alleged abuse to the appropriate agencies for their own protection. Within that context, the individual should, however, be assured that the matter will be disclosed only to people who need to know about it. Coaches/volunteers who receive information about vulnerable groups and their families in the course of their work should share that information only within appropriate professional contexts.
6. Recruitment of Coaches/Volunteers
6.1 All reasonable steps must be taken to ensure that unsuitable people are prevented from coaching on behalf of ADTTA. Disclosure checks will be required to be undertaken.
6.2 Training of Coaches
All coaches who work directly with vulnerable groups will be given a copy of this Policy (electronic copy). In addition to this, ADTTA will, where possible and required, provide opportunities for ‘Child Wellbeing and Protection in Sport’ workshops to coaches.
7. Good Practice Guidelines
7.1
1) No coach/volunteer shall engage in rough, physical or sexually provocative games or activities with a child or protected adult. This condition applies regardless of the age of the child and also when the child is over the age of consent, ie. 16 or 17 years of age.
2) No coach/volunteer shall engage in conduct towards an individual which is intended to be oppressive, threatening, manipulative or in any way improper or with a view to causing the individual physical or emotional harm.
3) It is unrealistic and inappropriate for ADTTA to prohibit physical contact between its coaches/volunteers and children or protected adults. Touch is an essential part of the coaching process as well as a means of directing movement, encouraging performance and providing comfort and re-assurance. Where physical contact is necessary the coach/volunteer should explain the reason. However, all must bear in mind that even innocent actions can be misconstrued. It is important for coaches/volunteers to be sensitive to an individual’s reaction to physical contact and to act appropriately. No individual should ever be touched on a part of his/her body in a way that is indecent. Touch must always be related to the needs of the individual rather than to those of the coach/volunteer.
4) It is the primary duty of every coach/volunteer to ensure the safety and well-being of every individual in their care. Each coach/volunteer must ensure that all reasonable steps are taken to minimise risk of harm or injury to any individual and must abide by the policies, procedures and guidelines set out in this document.
5) Where there is any reason for believing that an individual has been abused, is being abused, or is at risk of being abused, in any way arising as a result of that individual’s association with ADTTA, it shall be the duty of any person acting on behalf of ADTTA, to whom that information is made known, to take action at once, according to the procedures laid down in this document.
6) Any instance of inappropriate behaviour towards an individual by any person acting on behalf of ADTTA shall be the subject of an enquiry and report by the EC and Safeguarding Officer, and separate from any criminal investigation.
7) A coach/volunteer who finds himself/herself alone with a child or protected adult must exercise particular care. There should be no apprehensiveness in the mind of either person if such a situation arises, but physical contact should be avoided whenever possible and the presence of an additional responsible adult sought as soon as is reasonably practical. It is better to prevent such situations occurring at all.
8) Children and protected adults must at all times be treated with respect in attitude, language and behaviour. Sexual innuendo whether by word or gesture is prohibited, even in fun. Never allow inappropriate language to go unchallenged.
9) No person under the age of 16 years shall have the sole responsibility for supervising any other child.
10) Never do things of a personal nature that an individual could do themselves.
11) Children must not be allowed to leave the premises unaccompanied during the hours of the activity session, unless consent is given to do so by a parent or responsible adult designated by the parent.
7.2 First Aid and The Treatment of Injuries
All coaches/volunteers must ensure:
1) They know how to access a well-resourced first aid kit and trained first aider.
2) They are aware of any pre-existing medical conditions, medicines being taken by participants or existing injuries and treatment required.
3) Only those with a current, recognised First Aid qualification treat injuries. In more serious cases assistance should be obtained from a medically qualified professional as soon as possible.
4) A child or protected adult’s parent/carer should be informed of any injury and action taken as soon as possible.
5) The circumstances in which any accidents occur are reviewed to avoid future repetitions.
7.3 Managing Challenging Behaviour
Coaches/volunteers delivering activities to children or protected adults may, from time to time, be required to deal with challenging behaviour.
These guidelines aim to promote good practice which can help support children to manage their own behaviour. They suggest some strategies and sanctions which can be used and also identify unacceptable actions or interventions which must never be used by coaches or volunteers.
These guidelines are based on the following principles:
• The welfare of the individual is the paramount consideration
• Individuals must never be subject to any form of treatment that is harmful, abusive, humiliating or degrading and should always be able to maintain their respect and dignity
• No member of staff should attempt to respond to challenging behaviour by using techniques for which they have not been trained
Consideration must be taken regarding:
• Planning activities
• Agreeing acceptable and unacceptable behaviours
• Managing challenging behaviour effectively when it arises
In dealing with individuals who display risk-taking or challenging behaviours, staff and volunteers might consider the following options:
• Time out – from the activity, group or individual work.
• Making up – the act or process of making amends
• Payback – the act of giving something back
• Behavioural reinforcement – rewards for good behaviour, consequences for negative behaviour
• Calming the situation – talking through with the child
• Increased supervision by coaches/volunteers
• Use of individual ‘contracts’ or agreements for their future or continued participation
• Consequences e.g. missing an activity
Coaches and volunteers shall never be permitted to use the any of the following as a means of managing behaviour:
• Physical punishment or the threat of such
• The withdrawal of communication with the child
• Being deprived of food, water or access to changing facilities or toilets
• Verbal intimidation, ridicule or humiliation
Coaches and volunteers should review the needs of any individual on whom consequences are frequently imposed. This review should involve the individual and parents/carers to ensure an informed decision is made about their future or continued participation in the group or activity. Whilst it would always be against the wishes of everyone involved in ADTTA, ultimately, if an individual continues to present a high level of risk or danger to him or herself, or others, he or she may have to be barred from activity in the sport.
The use of physical interventions should always be avoided unless it is absolutely necessary in order to prevent an individual injuring themselves, injuring others or causing serious damage to property. All forms of physical intervention shall form part of a broader approach to the management of challenging behaviour.
Physical contact to prevent something happening should always be the result of conscious decision-making and not a reaction. Before physically intervening, the coach or volunteer should ask themselves, ‘Is this the only option in order to manage the situation and ensure safety?’
The following must always be considered:
• Contact should be avoided with buttocks, genitals and breasts. Coaches/volunteers should never behave in a way which could be interpreted as sexual
• Any form of physical intervention should achieve an outcome that is in the best interests of the individual whose behaviour is of immediate concern
• Coaches/volunteers should consider the circumstances, the risks associated with employing physical intervention compared with the risks of not employing physical intervention
• The scale and nature of physical intervention must always be proportionate to the behaviour of the person and the nature of harm/damage they might cause
• All forms of physical intervention should employ only a reasonable amount of force – the minimum force needed to avert injury to a person or serious damage to property – applied for the shortest period of time
• Coaches/volunteers should never employ physical interventions which are deemed to present an unreasonable risk to children, protected adults or staff/volunteers
• Coaches/volunteers shall never use physical intervention as a form of punishment
Any physical intervention used should be recorded as soon as possible after the incident by the coach/volunteers involved and passed to the EC or Safeguarding Officer as soon as possible.
A timely debrief for coaches/volunteers, the child or protected adult and parents/carers should always take place following an incident where physical intervention has been used. This should include ensuring that the physical and emotional well-being of those involved has been addressed and ongoing support offered where necessary. Coaches/volunteers, children or protected adults and parents/carers should be given an opportunity to talk about what happened in a calm and safe environment.
There should also be a discussion with the child or protected adult and parents/carers about their needs and continued safe participation in the group or activity.
7.4 Volunteers aged 18 or Under
There is no legal barrier to anyone aged 18 or under becoming a coach or volunteer. If their remit falls into that of regulated work as per the Protection of Vulnerable Groups (Scotland) Act 2007 then they will be subject to the same recruitment and selection procedures as other volunteers, including PVG Scheme Record / Scheme Record Updates.
Anyone under 18 is defined as a ‘child’ (under the Children (Scotland) Act 1995), and it is not recommended that they take up regulated work with children or protected adults. They can, however, be encouraged to help out and will be supervised by a more senior qualified coach or volunteer who has been appropriately vetted. In turn, ADTTA has a responsibility to support the supervising coach. Regular supervision, training and extra support of young volunteers is recommended.
7.5 Preventing and Responding to Bullying
Examples of Bullying:
• Physical e.g. theft, hitting, kicking (in some cases, this might constitute an assault)
• Verbal (including teasing) e.g. spreading rumours, threats or name-calling, ridicule or humiliation
• Emotional e.g. isolating an individual from the activities or social acceptance of the peer group
• Cyberbullying e.g. sending insulting messages via text or emails, posting images or upsetting information on social networking sites or forums etc.
• Using abusive or insulting behaviour in a manner which causes alarm or distress
• Prejudiced based e.g. singling out individuals who are perceived as different due to, for example, race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, children who are asylum seekers, looked after children, young carers, etc,
• Having belongings stolen or damaged
• Being targeted because of who the individual is or who they are perceived to be
Signs which may raise concerns about bullying include:
• hesitation or reluctance to attend training or activity
• often last one picked for a team or group activity for no apparent reason, or being picked on when they think your back is turned
• reluctance to go to certain places or work with a certain individual
• clothing or personal possessions go missing or get damaged
• bruising or other injuries
• ‘losing’ pocket money repeatedly
• becoming nervous and withdrawn
• suddenly prone to lashing out at people, either physically or verbally, when normally quiet
When talking about bullying, it’s never helpful to label individuals as ‘bullies’ or ‘victims’. Labels can stick for life and can isolate, rather than helping them to recover or change their behaviour. It is preferable to talk about someone displaying bullying behaviour rather than label them a ‘bully’ – behaviour can be changed with help and support.
Suggested actions to help individuals on the receiving end of bullying behaviour:
• Cultivate an ethos where there’s an anti-bullying culture – it is especially important that adults are good role models for children
• Take all signs of bullying very seriously
• Encourage all children and protected adults to speak and share their concerns; help those being bullied to speak out and tell the person in charge or someone in authority; create an open environment
• Take all allegations seriously and take action to ensure the person is safe; speak with those being bullied and those displaying bullying behaviour separately
• Reassure them that you can be trusted and will help them, although you can’t promise to tell no-one else
• Keep records of what is said i.e. what happened, by whom and when.
• In cases of cyberbullying advise people who are being bullied by text, email etc to retain the communication or to print it out
• Report any concerns to the person in charge at the organisation where the bullying is occurring
Support for individuals involved in bullying behaviour:
• Talk with the person (or people), explain the situation and try to get them to understand the consequences of their behaviour
• In some cases it might be worth considering seeking an apology from those involved in bullying behaviour (for example where those on the receiving end wish reconciliation); apologies are only of real value however, when they are genuine
• Be sensitive and use good judgement when it comes to informing parents/carers of those whose negative behaviour is impacting on others; put the person at the centre – consider whether telling the parents/carers may result in more problems for them
• If appropriate, insist on the return of ‘borrowed’ items and compensation for the person/people being bullied
• Impose consequences as necessary, e.g. exclusion from the team until behaviour standards are improved; sport offers good opportunities for this
• Encourage and support those displaying bullying behaviour to change this behaviour; ask them to consider the impact their actions are having
• Keep a written record of action taken
7.6 The “Arena of Safety”
The “Arena of Safety” is a place of relationship, integrity and respect for others and yourself. It is a position where morale and confidence are enhanced and where both adults and children can feel safe. It is a place of appropriate attitudes, behaviour, lifestyle, regime and cultural practice.
A violation of the “Arena of Safety” concerns inappropriate attitudes and behaviour that confuses the relationship and makes the vulnerable feel unsafe. Such behaviour also gives more weight to any allegation that may be subsequently made. It is the exploitation of a trusted relationship to satisfy personal needs. Focus of concern is normally physical or sexual but it may also be emotional, financial, self-promoting etc. It usually involves the following:
Role reversal; dividing and ruling; ruling rather than serving; not listening and being above criticism; secret behaviour; extraneous commitments; separating out and giving special attention; bullying; manipulation; indulgence in personal privilege; unacceptable power and control issues; loyalty being used to maintain silence and control.
8. Photographing and Videoing
There is evidence that some people have used sporting events as an opportunity to take inappropriate photographs or film footage of young sportspeople in vulnerable positions. Be vigilant of this during sessions.
9. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Social Media
For vulnerable groups, the safeguarding risks of ICT include:
• inappropriate access to, use or sharing of personal details (e.g. names, email addresses)
• unwanted contact with children (or protected adults) by adults with wrongful/questionable intent
• being sent offensive or otherwise inappropriate material
• online bullying by peers
• grooming for sexual abuse
• direct contact and abuse
For ADTTA coaches/volunteers, risks involved include:
• their communication with children being misinterpreted
• potential investigation (internal or by statutory agencies)
• potential disciplinary action
9.1 Text and Email Guidelines
• Except in an emergency, coaches/volunteers should contact parents/carers directly
• If contact with children or protected adults is necessary, communications should be open, transparent and appropriate; information communicated should be on a “need to know” basis e.g. training sessions cancelled, meeting times for competitions, etc.
• Consent must be gained from parents/carers before texting/emailing a child or protected adult and parents/carers should be copied in where possible
• The number of people with access to children or protected adult’s details is kept to a practical minimum
• Messages should never contain any offensive, abusive or inappropriate language; they should not be open to misinterpretation
• ADTTA should be clear that messages should be sent only to communicate details of meeting points, training, match details, competition results, etc; the same message should be sent to every member of the group/team; one-to-one messaging arrangements between coaches/volunteers and individuals should be avoided unless necessary
9.2 Internet and Social Media Guidelines
• Written parent/carer consent must be obtained for all children aged under 16 before publishing any information or pictures of a child; if the material is changed from the time of consent, the parents/carers must be informed and consent provided for the changes
• Special care must be taken in relation to vulnerable individuals e.g. a child fleeing domestic violence or a child with a disability, and consideration given to whether publication would place the child at risk
• Athletes who have a public profile as a result of their achievements are entitled to the same protection as all other vulnerable individuals; in these cases, common sense is required when implementing these guidelines; all decisions should reflect the best interests of the child
Use of Images and Information
• Information published on the websites/social networking sites must never include personal information that could identify a child or protected adult eg. home address, email address, telephone number.
• Credit for achievements should be restricted to first names e.g. Tracey was Player of the Year 2013
• Individuals must never be portrayed in a demeaning, tasteless or a provocative manner; or portrayed in a state of partial undress, other than when depicting an action shot within the context of the sport
• Information about specific events or meetings e.g. coaching sessions must not be distributed to any individuals other than to those directly concerned
Concerns
• Any concerns or enquiries about publications or the internet should be reported to the Safeguarding Officer or the EC.
• Informal online “chat” with members around subjects outside the sport/activity should be immediately discouraged; private matters or questions should also be discouraged, however, any disclosures should be removed from the site and dealt with in line with Sections 3 and 4 of this Policy.
10. Legal Framework
This Safeguarding Policy is based on the standards outlined by Children 1st for child wellbeing and protection in sport (2021), and the following legislation:
• Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974
• Exclusions and Exceptions (Scotland) Amendment Order 2010
• Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995
• Children (Equal Protection from Assault) (Scotland) Act 2019
• Protection from Abuse (Scotland) Act 2001
• Protection of Children and Prevention of Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2005
• Commissioner for Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2003
• Protection of Vulnerable Groups (Scotland) Act 2007
• Disclosure (Scotland) Act 2020
• Sexual Offences (Amendments) Act 2000 – Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009
• Data Protection Act 1998
• General Data Protection Regulation
• Police Act 1997
• The Age of Criminal Responsibility (Scotland) Act 2019
• Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014
• Children (Scotland) Act 1995
• Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991
• United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (1989) UNCRC
• European Convention on Human Rights (1950)
11. Useful Contacts
Children 1st
Scotland’s national children’s charity
www.children1st.org.uk
Child Wellbeing and Protection in Sport
cwps@children1st.org.uk
21
0141 419 1156
www.children1st.org.uk/chilwellbeingandprotectioninsport
Children 1st Parentline
08000 28 22 33
www.children1st.org.uk/parentline
sportscotland
0141 534 6500
Police Scotland
Non-emergency: 101
Emergency: 999
Aberdeen City Council Social Work / Joint Child Protection Unit 0800 731 5520
Aberdeenshire Council Social Work
01467 537 111
0345 608 1206 (out of hours)
Childline
0800 1111
Disclosure Scotland
www.mygov.scot/organisations/disclosure-scotland
0300 020 0040
Appendix A: SAFEGUARDING GROUPS – CODE OF CONDUCT
ADTTA supports and requires all members to observe the following standards of practice, including verbal and non-verbal actions when involved in activities with vulnerable groups. All concerns about breach of this Code of Conduct will be taken seriously and responded to appropriately.
Good Practice
• Make sport fun, enjoyable and promote fair play
• Treat all participants equally, with respect, dignity and fairness
• Involve parents/carers wherever possible
• Build balanced relationships based on mutual trust
• Include participants in the decision-making process wherever possible
• Always work in an open environment, wherever possible; avoid private or unobserved situations
• Put the welfare of each participant first before winning or achieving performance goals
• Be an excellent role model, including not smoking or drinking alcohol in the company of participants
• Give enthusiastic and constructive feedback rather than negative criticism
• Recognise the developmental needs and capacity of children and protected adults
• Avoid excessive training and competition, pushing participants against their will and putting undue pressure on them
Practice to be Avoided
• Having ‘favourites’ – this could lead to resentment and jealousy by other participants and could be misinterpreted by others
• Spending excessive amounts of time alone with children or protected adults away from others
• Where possible, doing things of a personal nature for children or protected adults that they can do for themselves
Unacceptable Behaviour
• Engaging in rough or physical contact unless it is permitted within the rules of the game or competition
• Forming intimate emotional, physical or sexual relationships with participants
• Engaging in sexually provocative games, including horseplay
• Allowing or engaging in touching a participant in a sexually suggestive manner
• Allowing children or protected adults to swear or use sexualised language unchallenged
• Making sexually suggestive comments, even in fun
• Reducing an individual to tears as a form of control
• Allowing allegations made by an individual to go unchallenged, unrecorded or not acted upon
• Inviting or allowing children or protected adults to stay with you at your home
• A coach and/or leader sharing a room alone with a child or protected adult